Casio Z-1GR User Manual download pdf (Page 6)

BASIC comparison sheet ProgsVarsMem Page 6

Programs, Variables and Memory

Vendor

Model

Syntax specifics

Abbreviations

Line numbers

Line length

Comments

Program areas

Edit programs

AUTO, DELETE, RENUM

Kill program(s)

Show memory

Memory allocation

Internal file system

(more infos on

Commands page)

Show variable

allocation

Programs, Variables and Memory

HP TI Tandy Radio Shack Canon Epson

HP-75 HP-71 TI-74 CC-40 TRS-80 Mod. 100 X-07 HX-20

With "." N/A Some keywords have short forms. ? is an abbreviation for PRINT.

1-9999 1-32766 1-65529 1-63999

95 80 254 80 (editor restriction) 255

Only a single program.

Internal RAM file system.

AUTO, DELETE, RENUMBER NUM/NUMBER, DEL/DELETE, REN/RENUMBER DELETE N/A AUTO/DELETE/RENUM

PURGE <file> deletes file from internal RAM, port or device. KILL"file" kills file from RAM disk.

MEM returns free memory. FRE(dummy number) returns free space for programs. FRE("dummy string") returns free string space.

Ports N/A.

SHOW PORT list available ports. See FRE(...) See FRE(...)

Spaces are insignificant.

Mixed case entry is allowed but insignificant.

Statement delimiter is @ instead of :

Spaces or other delimiters needed around keywords.

Mixed case entry is allowed but insignificant.

Spaces are irrelevant but kept by the tokenizer.

Mixed case is allowed but insignificant.

Spaces are relevant before some keywords

like TO. Spaces are kept in the code by the

tokenizer. Mixed case is allowed but

insinificant.

REM or "!" which implies end of statement (no colon needed), rest of line ignored. REM or single quote "'" which implies end of statement, rest ignored.

RAM file system + one workfile. EDIT <file> selects current

file. RUN <file> sets current file and starts it.

RAM file system (6+2) with menu.

LOAD or SAVE set a pointer to the current

file instead of making a copy. Editing the

current program changes the file in the

RAM filesystem. Tokenized BASIC

programs can be run from the menu. A

single unnamed BASIC program can exist

besides the named files.

RAM file system (6+1). RAM cards occupy

the top of RAM and can be used as

removable file storage.

RUN "file" starts program without loading

it into working storage.

5 login areas, switched with LOGIN n,

n=1..5.

Programs can be given a TITLE and appear

in the start menu.

RAM module.

Memory can be swapped or

copied with CALL GET(...)

and CALL PUT(...).

Memory swapping with PUT

and GET is N/A.

Ports N/A.

No info about

modules

available.

Module ports 0 to 5. Large modules are

divided in sub ports: 5.03. Syntax is

"FILE:PORT(n)" or "FILE:MAIN".

Quotes around filenames are optional.

EDIT 'file',

BASIC|TEXT

FETCH

EDIT <file> creates or selects file. Up and

down arrow select lines for editing. FETCH

<line>/<label> selects specific line.

LIST <line> or up and down arrow display lines for

editing. Lines must be deleted using DEL, simple entry

of a number is treated as a computation.

EDIT first-last starts full screen editor.

"." is the last line edited. The command

creates a temporary ASCII file that is

merged upon editor exit.

LIST first-last lists line on screen for full

screen editor. Screen size is just 80

characters. Use LIST@ line + ON/BREAK

key to edit lines longer than 60 characters.

LIST first-last displays lines which can be

edited on the full virtual screen.

"." is the last line edited.

DELETE ALL deletes all lines in current file.

NEW deletes program and variables.

NEW ALL clears all memory (total reset).

CALL ADDMEM (see below) forces NEW ALL.

NEW deletes current program and variables.

DELETE "file","type" kills file from RAM

disk.

Shift+Ctrl+3 in startup menu forces

memory clear (after ENTER).

FRE(n), n=0,1

0: total user memory,

1: space used by program

and variables.

FRE(n), n=0..5

0, 1: see left

2: free + temporary mem

3: largest block size

4: free memory

5: # of free blocks

MEM(port) returns free space in specified

port.

SHOWPORT lists available ports.

MAXRAM returns the highest available

memory address.

HIMEM returns the currently set upper

memory address for BASIC or files.

The manual documents all system

pointers. Use PEEK to get the

corresponding values.

STAT area prints size of current or selected

program.

STAT ALL prints a complete overview.

CLAIM PORT(port) and FREE PORT(port)

add or remove port memory to main

memory.

CALL ADDMEM adds RAM module to user memory.

NEW ALL releases the RAM module.

Both commands clear all memory.

CLEAR <str>,<himem>

clears all variables, sets size of string area

and the HIMEM value. Use MAXRAM as the

second argument to recover all available

RAM.

The RAM file system works "in place", so

editing any file, BASIC or TEXT, moves

memory around and affects the free

space. Machine language programs are

copied to their saved memory location and

can only be loaded if enough high memory

is reserved.

CLEAR <str>,<himem> clears all variables

an sets size of the string area and the

BASIC upper memory limit which is below

the file area.

FSET <size> reserves memory for the file

area at top of memory. If the size is less or

equal to the size of an inserted RAM card,

this card can be used as a removal

filesystem.

If the power up routine detects a

configuration change (e. g. RAM card

swap) you are prompted to allow

adjustment of the system pointers. So

cards of different size can be used

alternately.

CLEAR <str>,<RAM file> clears all

variables, sets size of string area and size

of the RAM file.

MEMSET <address> sets aside low

memory for machine language programs.

Default address is &H0A40.

WIDTH <cols>,<rows>,<margin>

allocates the virtual screen area and

affects the free space.

No machine language

support.

CALL GETMEM(size,ptr)

returns a free memory

block for machine language

use. Variable ptr is

initialized with the base

address.

CALL RELMEM(adr) releases

the block.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... 35 36

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Casio Z-1GR User Manual Page 6

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