Casio fx-115ES User Manual

http://world.casio.com/edu/RCA502160-001V01Efx-115ESfx-991ESUser's Guide

E-8•See “Adjusting Display Contrast” for information about how to use“]CONT'”.Specifying the Input/Output FormatFor this input/output format: Per

E-9•Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm1, Norm2)determines the range in which results will be displayed in non-exponential format.

E-10k Initializing the Calculation Mode and OtherSettingsPerforming the following procedure initializes the calculation modeand other setup settings a

E-11Example: sin 30 =LINEs30)= Pressing s inputs “sin(”.•Note that the input procedure is different if you want to use Mathformat. For more informatio

E-12•Normally the input cursor appears as a straight vertical (I) orhorizontal ( ) flashing line on the display screen. When there are10 or fewer byte

E-13Deleting a Character or FunctionExample: To correct the expression 369 × × 12 so it becomes369 × 12LINE Insert Mode:369**12ddYOverwrite Mode:36

E-14k Displaying the Location of an ErrorIf an error message (like “Math ERROR” or “Syntax ERROR”)appears when you press =, press d or e. This will di

E-15Functions and Symbols Supported for Math FormatInput• The “Bytes” column shows the number of bytes of memory thatare used up by input.Function/Sym

E-16Example 3: To input (1 + )2 × 2 =MATH(1+'2c5e)Mathw*2=•When you press = and obtain a calculation result using Mathformat, part of the

E-17Original Expression: Function Key Operation Resulting ExpressionIntegral 7Derivative 17(F)Σ Calculation 1&(8)You can also incorporate values i

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E-18Example 2: sin (60) = (Angle Unit: Deg)MATHs60=MathExample 3: sin–1 (0.5) = π (Angle Unit: Rad)MATH1s(sin–1)0.5=Math• The following are the c

E-19The following shows the range for each of the coefficients (a, b, c, d,e, f).1 < a < 100, 1 < b < 1000, 1 < c < 1000 < d <

E-20• If a term is encountered during the calculation cannot be displayedas a root (') form or a fraction, the calculation result is displayedin

E-21Omitting a Final Closed ParenthesisYou can omit any closed parenthesis ( ) ) immediately precedingoperation of the = key at the end of a calculati

E-22Switching between Fraction and Decimal Format• The format of the fraction depends on the currently selected fractiondisplay format setting (improp

E-23Sexagesimal Calculations•Performing the following types of sexagesimal calculationsproduces a sexagesimal result.-Addition or subtraction of two s

E-24Using Calculation HistoryMemory and ReplayCalculation history memory maintains a record of each calculationexpression you input and execute, and i

E-25Using Calculator MemoryMemory Name DescriptionAnswer Memory Stores the last calculation result obtained.Calculation results can be added to or sub

E-26Inputting Answer Memory Contents into an ExpressionExample: To perform the calculations shown below:LINE123+456=789-G=k Independent Memory (M)You

E-27Calculation Examples Using Independent Memory• If the “M” indicator is on the display, perform the procedure under“Clearing Independent Memory” be

E-1About this Manual• The MATH mark indicates an example that uses Math format,while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details aboutinput

E-28Using CALCThe CALC feature lets you input a calculation expression thatcontains variables, and then assign values to the variables andperform the

E-29s(or=)10=•To exit CALC, press A.• If the expression you are using contains more than one variable,an input prompt appears for each one.Appendix<

E-30•An error (Variable ERROR) occurs when the solution variable isnot included in the expression being solved.k Example SOLVE OperationExample: To so

E-31• SOLVE uses Newton’s Method, so even if there are multiplesolutions, only one of them will be returned.•Newton’s Method can have problems obtaini

E-32Function CalculationsThis section explains how to use the calculator’s built-in functions.The functions available to you depends on the calculatio

E-33k Converting an Input Value to theCalculator’s Default Angle UnitAfter inputting a value, press 1G(DRG') to display the angleunit specificati

E-34Appendix <#023> to <#025>*1 A base of 10 (common logarithm) is used if no base is specified.k Power Functions and Power RootFunctions•

E-35Tips on Improving Integration Value Accuracy•When a periodic function or integration interval results in positiveand negative f(x) function values

E-36k Differential CalculationsYour calculator performs differential calculations by approximatingthe derivative based on centered difference approxim

E-37k Σ CalculationsWith Σ(, you can obtain the sum of an input f(x) expression for aspecific range. Σ calculations are performed using the following

E-2• The following shows an example of how a key operation to selectan on-screen menu item is represented in this User’s Guide.Example: 1(Setup)Indica

E-38• If you perform coordinate conversion inside of an expression insteadof a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using onlythe first

E-39Rounding Function (Rnd)This function rounds the value or the result of the expression in thefunction’s argument to the number of significant digit

E-40(Check rounded result.)*14=FIXk Practical ExamplesAppendix<#042>∫ (sinX + cosX )2dX = π0π(tol: Not specified)<#043> Confirm that the t

E-41Note•When you transform from decimal form to standard form, thecalculator automatically decides the standard form to use. Youcannot specify the st

E-42Complex Number Calculations(CMPLX)Your calculator can perform the following complex numbercalculations.•Addition, subtraction, multiplication, div

E-43•With Linear format, the real part and imaginary part are shown intwo different lines.Example 2: '2 ∠ 45 = 1 + i (Angle Unit: Deg)MATH!2e1y(∠

E-44k Absolute Value and Argument (Abs, arg)You can use the following procedure to obtain the absolute value(|Z|) and argument (arg) on the Gaussian p

E-45STAT Editor ScreenThere are two STAT editor screen formats, depending on the type ofstatistical calculation you selected.Single-variable Statistic

E-46STAT Editor Screen Input Precautions• The number of lines in STAT editor screen (the number of sampledata values you can input) depends on the typ

E-47Deleting All STAT Editor Contents(1) Press 11(STAT)3(Edit).(2) Press 2(Del-A).• This clears all of the sample data on the STAT editor screen.Note•

E-3Safety PrecautionsBe sure to read the following safety precautions before using thiscalculator. Keep this manual handy for later reference.CautionT

E-48Single-variable Menu ItemSelect thisWhen you want to do this:menu item:Display the Distr sub-menu of commands fornormal distribution calculations7

E-49Distr Sub-menu (11(STAT)7(Distr))1 P( 2 Q( 3 R( 4 ' tThis menu can be used to calculate the probability of standard normaldistribution. Norma

E-50Commands when Linear Regression Calculation(A+BX) Is SelectedWith linear regression, regression is performed in accordance withthe following model

E-51Reg Sub-menu (11(STAT)7(Reg))Select thisWhen you want to obtain this:menu item:1ARegression coefficient constant term A2BRegression coefficient B3

E-52Comments for Other Types of RegressionFor details about the calculation formula of the command includedin each regression type, refer to the indic

E-53k Number Base Setting and Value InputUse the keys listed below to specify the number base.The key markings used in this section are the ones that

E-54Specifying the Base during InputThe BASE-N Mode lets you override the current default number basesetting and input a particular value using a diff

E-55Press this key: When you want to input this:5(Not)“Not(” function, which returns the result of abitwise complement6(Neg)“Neg(” function, which ret

E-56k Inputting CoefficientsUse the coefficient editor screen to input the coefficients of anequation. The coefficient editor screen shows input cells

E-57• In the case of simultaneous linear equations, you can use f andc to switch the display between the solutions for X and Y (andZ).•When there are

E-4Handling Precautions•Be sure to press the O key before using the calculator forthe first time.•Even if the calculator is operating normally, replac

E-58(3)Press a number key (1 through 6) to specify the matrixdimension you want to use.•Pressing a number key to specify the matrix dimension causes

E-59•You cannot edit the contents of a cell.•To switch to the matrix calculation screen, press A.•While the MatAns screen is on the display, you can p

E-60<#104> Obtain the absolute value (Abs(MatB)) of each element ofMatrix B.•Use 1w(Abs).<#105> Determine the square (MatA2) or cube (MatA

E-61(4) After specifying the start value, press =.• This displays the end value input screen.•Specify the end value.(5) After specifying the end value

E-62Note•Certain functions and Start, End, Step value combinations cancause number table generation to take a long time.k Number Table ScreenThe numbe

E-63(4) Use the vector editor screen to input each element.•Input is subject to the same rules as those that govern thecoefficient editor screen in th

E-64Appendix<#106> Store VctA = (1, 2) and VctC = (2, –1, 2).<#107> Copy VctA = (1, 2) to VctB and then edit Vector B to VctB =(3, 4).• Th

E-65•The values are based on ISO Standards (1992) and CODATARecommended Values (1998). For details, see Appendix<#114>.Appendix <#115> an

E-663. Fractions: ab/c4. Prefix symbol: (–) (negative sign)d, h, b, o (base n symbol)5. Metric conversion commands: cm'in, etc.Statistical estima

E-67A Stack ERROR occurs when the calculation you are performing causes thecapacity of either stack to be exceeded.Stack Issues to Keep in Mind for Ea

E-5Before Using the Calculatork Removing the Hard CaseBefore using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to removeit, and then affix the hard

E-68Functions Input Rangetanhx 0 x 9.9999999991099tanh–1x 0 x 9.99999999910–1logx/lnx 0 x 9.999999999109910x–9.9999999991099 x  99.999

E-69k Error MessagesThe calculator will display an error message when a result exceeds the calculationrange, when you attempt an illegal input, or whe

E-70• Action•Make necessary corrections.Dimension ERROR (MATRIX and VECTOR Modes only)• Cause• The matrix or vector you are trying to use in a calcula

E-71k Before assuming malfunction of the calculator...Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or whencalculation res

E-721 Press 1A (OFF) to turn off thecalculator.•To ensure that you do notaccidentally turn on power whilereplacing the battery, slide the hardcase on

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E-6k About the DisplayYour calculator has a 31-dot × 96-dot LCD screen.Example:k Display IndicatorsSample Display:ThisMeans this:indicator:The keypad

E-7Important!•For a very complex calculation or some other type of calculationthat takes a long time to execute, the display may show only theabove in